[Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent schoolchildren]. / Meningoencefalitis por Criptococcus neoformans en escolares inmunocompetentes.

Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis is the most common fungal central nervous system infection, in people affected by the human immunodeficiency virus. It is rare in inmunocompetent children and it is often fatal. It predominates in males at a ratio of 3 to 1. We describe the cases of two school children, one male and one female, with history of contact with pigeons (Columba livea), whose clinical symptoms were fever, headache, photophobia, diplopia, ataxia and meningeal signs, with unilateral involvement of cranial nerve VI. The diagnosis was established by the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans in culture, staining with India ink and evidence of latex antigen agglutination in the cerebrospinal fluid. The determination of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus and quantification of CD4, CD8 and T lymphocyte cells, were normal. In the first case, a chest X-ray showed a round mass, circumscribed in the bottom half of the left lung. A brain MRI revealed an image compatible with a nodular cryptococcoma in the parietal region. A pattern of intracranial hypertension was established, with papilledema and bilateral amaurosis, that evolved unsatisfactorily, with the subsequent death of the patient. Both were treated with amphotericin B (1 mg/Kg/day) or fluconazole (6 mg/Kg/day). The second case had a favorable evolution. The Crypotococcus neoformans is not a common fungus in inmunocompetent children. Early detection of the disease and appropriate treatment is essential to achieve a better prognosis ot the disease.

Meningoencefalitis por Criptococcus neoformans en escolares inmunocompetentes / Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis in inmunocompetent children

La meningoencefalitis por Cryptococcus neoformans, es la infección fúngica mas frecuente del sistema nervioso central, en personas afectadas por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Es rara en niños inmunocompetentes y a menudo es fatal; predomina en el sexo masculino en una proporción de 3 a 1. Se describen los casos de dos escolares, uno masculino y otro femenino con antecedentes de contacto con palomas (Columba livia), cuyas manifestaciones clínicas fueron fiebre, cefalea, fotofobia, diplopía, ataxia y signos meníngeos con afectación unilateral del VI nervio craneal. El diagnóstico se estableció con el aislamiento del criptococo en cultivo, la tinción con tinta china y las pruebas de aglutinación en látex en el líquido cefalorraquídeo. La determinación de anticuerpos para virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y la cuantificación de linfocitos T CD4 y CD8 fueron normales. En el primer caso, la radiografía de tórax mostró una masa redondeada circunscrita en la mitad inferior del pulmón izquierdo y la resonancia magnética cerebral (RNM) reveló una imagen nodular compatible con un criptococoma en la región parietal derecha; se estableció un cuadro de hipertensión endocraneana, con edema de papila y amaurosis bilateral con evolución no satisfactoria y posterior fallecimiento. El segundo caso tuvo una evolución favorable. Ambos recibieron tratamiento con anfotericina B (1 mg/kg/día) y fluconazol (6 mg/kg/día). El Cryptococcus neoformans no es un hongo usual en niños inmunocompetentes. La detección precoz de la enfermedad y el tratamiento adecuado es fundamental para lograr un mejor pronóstico de la enfermedad.

Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis is the most common fungal central nervous system infection, in people affected by the human immunodeficiency virus. It is rare in inmunocompetent children and it is often fatal. It predominates in males at a ratio of 3 to 1. We describe the cases of two school children, one male and one female, with history of contact with pigeons (Columba livea), whose clinical symptoms were fever, headache, photophobia, diplopia, ataxia and meningeal signs, with unilateral involvement of cranial nerve VI. The diagnosis was established by the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans in culture, staining with India ink and evidence of latex antigen agglutination in the cerebrospinal fluid. The determination of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus and quantification of CD4, CD8 and T lymphocyte cells, were normal. In the first case, a chest X-ray showed a round mass, circumscribed in the bottom half of the left lung. A brain MRI revealed an image compatible with a nodular cryptococcoma in the parietal region. A pattern of intracranial hypertension was established, with papilledema and bilateral amaurosis, that evolved unsatisfactorily, with the subsequent death of the patient. Both were treated with amphotericin B (1 mg/Kg/day) or fluconazole (6 mg/Kg/day). The second case had a favorable evolution. The Crypotococcus neoformans is not a common fungus in inmunocompetent children. Early detection of the disease and appropriate treatment is essential to achieve a better prognosis ot the disease.